What condition can arise from the over-functioning or under-functioning of internal glands or organs?

The condition that can arise from the over-functioning or under-functioning of internal glands or organs is systemic disease. Systemic diseases often involve the entire body or multiple organ systems and can be caused by hormonal imbalances due to the malfunction of glands such as the thyroid, pituitary, or adrenal glands. For example, hyperthyroidism (over-functioning) and hypothyroidism (under-functioning) can significantly affect metabolism and overall health.

In contrast, infections are typically caused by pathogens and do not directly relate to the functioning of internal glands or organs. Genetic disorders stem from inherited characteristics that affect bodily functions but are not specifically tied to glandular activity. Allergic reactions result from the immune system's response to allergens and do not originate from the functioning of internal glands or organs.